JNU to set up four new centres

New Delhi: The setting up of four new centres at the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) has been approved by the University Grants Commission (UGC).

Three of the proposed centres will be part of the School of Social Sciences whereas one will be a special autonomous centre.

Head of the proposed Centre for Media Research, Prof. Deepak Kumar said that the new centre would focus more on research and not on media studies as compared to other institutes.

The aim of the new centre will be to develop a critical understanding of the media as well as its engagement with society, polity and economy in India. It will also be engaged with determining and studying factors that influence media and searching for alternative niches through media.

Prof. Kumar informed that the centre will be functional in a couple of years. Initially, the programmes that will be offered by the centres would be M.Phil. and Ph.D programmes.

Head of the Centre for the Studies of Informal Economy Amitabh Kundu said that the field of informal economy is a significant emerging field of study in India but not much research has been done in the field. "The aim of the centre will be to focus on informal economy in all its dimensions and to also explore its significance," he said.

He further informed that efforts were being made to have the centre functional within a year.

The third centre to be set up at the varsity is the North-East Studies Research Centre. the fourth will be a Special Centre for Nano Science, chaired by Prof. Sanjay Puri. The main aim of the centre is to be at the cutting edge of research in nano technology.

JNU to get 24x7 ambulance service

Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi: After much agitation at the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) over the death of a 23-year old M.Tech. student, who succumbed to an asthma attack in the absence of immediate medical care, varsity officials have promised to procure a well-equipped, round-the-clock ambulance service in the next two weeks.

The 23-old year student, Aishwarya Agarwal, succumbed to an acute asthma attack on his way from the varsity to the hospital. As per reports, the ambulance in which he was taken did not even have an oxygen mask.

Students also observed a strike on Monday demanding better and revised medical facilities at the varsity.

"The health centre of the varsity remains closed at night and on Sundays. The ambulance on campus is nothing but a van without any medical facilities. We have protested this and have boycotted our classes", a student from the varsity said.

Though the varsity officials have ensured ambulance service to start in a few days, they have refused to make a commitment on the issue of a 24-hour health centre at the varsity.

"We will hire a full-fledged ambulance for the varsity within a week or ten days. It will have paramedical staff, a doctor and other facilities", said JNU Rector Ramadhikari Kumar.

Another source from the varsity said, "The University does not get sufficient funds from the UGC to manage a 24-hour health centre".

JNU to get 24x7 ambulance service

Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi: After much agitation at the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) over the death of a 23-year old M.Tech. student, who succumbed to an asthma attack in the absence of immediate medical care, varsity officials have promised to procure a well-equipped, round-the-clock ambulance service in the next two weeks.

The 23-old year student, Aishwarya Agarwal, succumbed to an acute asthma attack on his way from the varsity to the hospital. As per reports, the ambulance in which he was taken did not even have an oxygen mask.

Students also observed a strike on Monday demanding better and revised medical facilities at the varsity.

"The health centre of the varsity remains closed at night and on Sundays. The ambulance on campus is nothing but a van without any medical facilities. We have protested this and have boycotted our classes", a student from the varsity said.

Though the varsity officials have ensured ambulance service to start in a few days, they have refused to make a commitment on the issue of a 24-hour health centre at the varsity.

"We will hire a full-fledged ambulance for the varsity within a week or ten days. It will have paramedical staff, a doctor and other facilities", said JNU Rector Ramadhikari Kumar.

Another source from the varsity said, "The University does not get sufficient funds from the UGC to manage a 24-hour health centre".

JNU to get 24x7 ambulance service

Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi: After much agitation at the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) over the death of a 23-year old M.Tech. student, who succumbed to an asthma attack in the absence of immediate medical care, varsity officials have promised to procure a well-equipped, round-the-clock ambulance service in the next two weeks.

The 23-old year student, Aishwarya Agarwal, succumbed to an acute asthma attack on his way from the varsity to the hospital. As per reports, the ambulance in which he was taken did not even have an oxygen mask.

Students also observed a strike on Monday demanding better and revised medical facilities at the varsity.

"The health centre of the varsity remains closed at night and on Sundays. The ambulance on campus is nothing but a van without any medical facilities. We have protested this and have boycotted our classes", a student from the varsity said.

Though the varsity officials have ensured ambulance service to start in a few days, they have refused to make a commitment on the issue of a 24-hour health centre at the varsity.

"We will hire a full-fledged ambulance for the varsity within a week or ten days. It will have paramedical staff, a doctor and other facilities", said JNU Rector Ramadhikari Kumar.

Another source from the varsity said, "The University does not get sufficient funds from the UGC to manage a 24-hour health centre".

JNU to get 24x7 ambulance service

Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi: After much agitation at the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) over the death of a 23-year old M.Tech. student, who succumbed to an asthma attack in the absence of immediate medical care, varsity officials have promised to procure a well-equipped, round-the-clock ambulance service in the next two weeks.

The 23-old year student, Aishwarya Agarwal, succumbed to an acute asthma attack on his way from the varsity to the hospital. As per reports, the ambulance in which he was taken did not even have an oxygen mask.

Students also observed a strike on Monday demanding better and revised medical facilities at the varsity.

"The health centre of the varsity remains closed at night and on Sundays. The ambulance on campus is nothing but a van without any medical facilities. We have protested this and have boycotted our classes", a student from the varsity said.

Though the varsity officials have ensured ambulance service to start in a few days, they have refused to make a commitment on the issue of a 24-hour health centre at the varsity.

"We will hire a full-fledged ambulance for the varsity within a week or ten days. It will have paramedical staff, a doctor and other facilities", said JNU Rector Ramadhikari Kumar.

Another source from the varsity said, "The University does not get sufficient funds from the UGC to manage a 24-hour health centre".

Centre for urban planning, infrastructure set up in Bangalore

Bangalore: A centre for infrastructure and sustainable transport and urban planning has been set up at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) here.

Established with a corpus of Rs.300 million/Rs. 30 crore/$6 mn, it is the first such government-academia facility in the country that will address urban planning and critical infrastructure issues arising out of rapid growth of greater Bangalore and other cities in the state.

"The centre is modelled on the lines of institutes such as the School of Planning and Architecture (SPA) in New Delhi and the Centre for Environment Planning and Technology (CEPT) in Ahmedabad to improve urban infrastructure and ensure sustainable transportation with modern concepts and technology," IISc director P Balaram said at its inauguration.

The four state-run transport corporations and Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) have contributed to the corpus fund.

"The state government will approach the Union urban development ministry for a matching grant of Rs 300 million (Rs 30 crore) from the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JNURM) fund to the centre for specific projects that will improve the service of public utilities," Chief Minister B S Yeddyurappa said inaugurating the centre.

With the institute's academic inputs, scientific research and consultancy, the centre will provide expertise to state departments and state-run undertakings on integrating urban planning and transport policies.

The major urban infrastructure issues are sewerage, solid waste management and drinking water supply.

"The institute will help the government to plan integrated future cities in the state where land planning, city development and multimodal transportation are integrated through infrastructure creation, resulting in reduced travel time and cost for citizens," Balaram affirmed.

The centre's activities will be funded from the interest generated by the corpus and income from course fee and consultancy fees levied on prospective students and the agencies concerned for conducting academic research, training programmes and consultancy activities in sustainable urban transportation, infrastructure development and urban planning.

Its activities will be extended to cities in other states across the country for leveraging the expertise developed by the institute in urban infrastructure and sustainable transport solutions.

"We will also seek affiliation with the United Nations University, the Tokyo-based think tank for the UN and its member-states, and the Maastricht Economic Research Institute of Innovation and Technology (MERIT) in the Netherlands for international recognition and collaboration in undertaking projects in urban infrastructure and mass transportation," IISc civil engineering department head T G Sitharam said.

The science institute will also introduce master's courses (ME) in urban infrastructure and transportation by hiring faculty and drawing up the curricula.

With about 300 million people living in 3700 towns and cities across the country, India has the second largest urban population in the world after China. As a result, urbanisation has been growing at a rapid pace of 31 percent over the last decade due to higher employment opportunities in cities and towns.

"We are witnessing a phenomenal growth in our urban centers. For planned and integrated future of cities, integrated land planning, city development and multi-modal transportation systems are the need of the hour. This multi-disciplinary centre has been set up to develop expertise in the areas of infrastructure, sustainable transportation and urban planning in the 21st century," Sitharam added. IANS

Source: http://indiaedunews.net/Karnataka/Centre_for_urban_planning,_infrastructure_set_up_in_Bangalore_7051/

Centre for urban planning, infrastructure set up in Bangalore

Bangalore: A centre for infrastructure and sustainable transport and urban planning has been set up at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) here.

Established with a corpus of Rs.300 million/Rs. 30 crore/$6 mn, it is the first such government-academia facility in the country that will address urban planning and critical infrastructure issues arising out of rapid growth of greater Bangalore and other cities in the state.

"The centre is modelled on the lines of institutes such as the School of Planning and Architecture (SPA) in New Delhi and the Centre for Environment Planning and Technology (CEPT) in Ahmedabad to improve urban infrastructure and ensure sustainable transportation with modern concepts and technology," IISc director P Balaram said at its inauguration.

The four state-run transport corporations and Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) have contributed to the corpus fund.

"The state government will approach the Union urban development ministry for a matching grant of Rs 300 million (Rs 30 crore) from the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JNURM) fund to the centre for specific projects that will improve the service of public utilities," Chief Minister B S Yeddyurappa said inaugurating the centre.

With the institute's academic inputs, scientific research and consultancy, the centre will provide expertise to state departments and state-run undertakings on integrating urban planning and transport policies.

The major urban infrastructure issues are sewerage, solid waste management and drinking water supply.

"The institute will help the government to plan integrated future cities in the state where land planning, city development and multimodal transportation are integrated through infrastructure creation, resulting in reduced travel time and cost for citizens," Balaram affirmed.

The centre's activities will be funded from the interest generated by the corpus and income from course fee and consultancy fees levied on prospective students and the agencies concerned for conducting academic research, training programmes and consultancy activities in sustainable urban transportation, infrastructure development and urban planning.

Its activities will be extended to cities in other states across the country for leveraging the expertise developed by the institute in urban infrastructure and sustainable transport solutions.

"We will also seek affiliation with the United Nations University, the Tokyo-based think tank for the UN and its member-states, and the Maastricht Economic Research Institute of Innovation and Technology (MERIT) in the Netherlands for international recognition and collaboration in undertaking projects in urban infrastructure and mass transportation," IISc civil engineering department head T G Sitharam said.

The science institute will also introduce master's courses (ME) in urban infrastructure and transportation by hiring faculty and drawing up the curricula.

With about 300 million people living in 3700 towns and cities across the country, India has the second largest urban population in the world after China. As a result, urbanisation has been growing at a rapid pace of 31 percent over the last decade due to higher employment opportunities in cities and towns.

"We are witnessing a phenomenal growth in our urban centers. For planned and integrated future of cities, integrated land planning, city development and multi-modal transportation systems are the need of the hour. This multi-disciplinary centre has been set up to develop expertise in the areas of infrastructure, sustainable transportation and urban planning in the 21st century," Sitharam added. IANS

Source: http://indiaedunews.net/Karnataka/Centre_for_urban_planning,_infrastructure_set_up_in_Bangalore_7051/

JNU to organise workshop on Analytical Instrumentation

New Delhi: A three day workshop on "Advanced analytical instrumentation and applications" will be organised by the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU).

The workshop will commence from coming Monday.

The workshop is being organised with an aim to create public awareness about application of instruments that have been installed at a new state-of-the-art building -Advanced Instrumentation Facility - on the Varsity campus.

A large number of participants from across the country are likely to participate in the workshop

Source:http://indiaedunews.net/Delhi/JNU_to_organise_workshop_on_Analytical_Instrumentation_7054/

JNU to organise workshop on Analytical Instrumentation

New Delhi: A three day workshop on "Advanced analytical instrumentation and applications" will be organised by the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU).

The workshop will commence from coming Monday.

The workshop is being organised with an aim to create public awareness about application of instruments that have been installed at a new state-of-the-art building -Advanced Instrumentation Facility - on the Varsity campus.

A large number of participants from across the country are likely to participate in the workshop

Source:http://indiaedunews.net/Delhi/JNU_to_organise_workshop_on_Analytical_Instrumentation_7054/

JNU inks MoU with two European varsities

New Delhi: The Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and Agreement of Cooperation (AoC) with two universities from Germany and United Kingdom (UK) to accelerate the process of integration of higher education.

The AoC was been signed between Axel Freimuth, Rector, Cologne University and JNU Vice-Chancellor, B.B. Bhattacharya on behalf of the Institute of Indology & Tamil Studies of University of Cologne, Germany and JNU's School of Language respectively. It was signed in the presence of Fritz Schramma, Lord Mayor of Cologne.

Poonam Kudaisya, Spokesperson, JNU, said, "The collaboration is in the areas of language, literature, and cultural studies with emphasis on Tamil and German. This will be expanded in other areas such as economics, geography, arts and aesthetics".

"As a consequence of signing the MoU and AoC, the signatory institutions would be able to exchange their students, research scholars and faculty. We would organize joint seminars, conferences and invite faculty or research scholars from other signatory institutions", Kudaisya added.

Another MoU was also signed between JNU and Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom.

Soruce: http://indiaedunews.net/Delhi/JNU_inks_MoU_with_two_European_varsities_6660/

JNU inks MoU with two European varsities

New Delhi: The Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and Agreement of Cooperation (AoC) with two universities from Germany and United Kingdom (UK) to accelerate the process of integration of higher education.

The AoC was been signed between Axel Freimuth, Rector, Cologne University and JNU Vice-Chancellor, B.B. Bhattacharya on behalf of the Institute of Indology & Tamil Studies of University of Cologne, Germany and JNU's School of Language respectively. It was signed in the presence of Fritz Schramma, Lord Mayor of Cologne.

Poonam Kudaisya, Spokesperson, JNU, said, "The collaboration is in the areas of language, literature, and cultural studies with emphasis on Tamil and German. This will be expanded in other areas such as economics, geography, arts and aesthetics".

"As a consequence of signing the MoU and AoC, the signatory institutions would be able to exchange their students, research scholars and faculty. We would organize joint seminars, conferences and invite faculty or research scholars from other signatory institutions", Kudaisya added.

Another MoU was also signed between JNU and Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom.

Soruce: http://indiaedunews.net/Delhi/JNU_inks_MoU_with_two_European_varsities_6660/

JNU joins hands with Centre for migration research

New Delhi: The Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and the Union Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs recently signed an agreement to work collectively on a project titled "International Migration and Diaspora Research" at the Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies, at JNU's School of Social Sciences (SSS).

The Research project will be headed by Economics Professor Binod Khadria, a noted scholar in the field of international migration.

An official from the varsity said, "Focusing primarily on the complex links between social, economic, political, cultural and educational aspects of globalisation and migration, the project envisages achieving its goals by conducting collaborative research through workshops, conferences, training modules, publications, hosting scholars and other research activities,".

"In recent decades, India has witnessed tremendous changes in international migratory flows, in scale as well as in diversity, outward as well as inward. The increasing dimension and complexity of the paradigm of globalisation and migration and the significant position that India holds in it, makes the project an important beginning," the official added.

Apart from interfacing with the Ministry, the project also endeavours to visualize international collaboration with globally renowned organisations in the field of international migration.

Soruce: http://indiaedunews.net/Delhi/JNU_joins_hands_with_Centre_for_migration_research_6643/

JNU joins hands with Centre for migration research

New Delhi: The Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and the Union Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs recently signed an agreement to work collectively on a project titled "International Migration and Diaspora Research" at the Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies, at JNU's School of Social Sciences (SSS).

The Research project will be headed by Economics Professor Binod Khadria, a noted scholar in the field of international migration.

An official from the varsity said, "Focusing primarily on the complex links between social, economic, political, cultural and educational aspects of globalisation and migration, the project envisages achieving its goals by conducting collaborative research through workshops, conferences, training modules, publications, hosting scholars and other research activities,".

"In recent decades, India has witnessed tremendous changes in international migratory flows, in scale as well as in diversity, outward as well as inward. The increasing dimension and complexity of the paradigm of globalisation and migration and the significant position that India holds in it, makes the project an important beginning," the official added.

Apart from interfacing with the Ministry, the project also endeavours to visualize international collaboration with globally renowned organisations in the field of international migration.

Soruce: http://indiaedunews.net/Delhi/JNU_joins_hands_with_Centre_for_migration_research_6643/

JNU to develop therapeutic antibodies to stop anthrax

New Delhi: Prof. Rakesh Bhatnagar from the School of Biotechnology at Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) has signed an agreement with the Department of Science & Technology (Government of India) for creating therapeutic antibodies to stop anthrax.

The project will be for three years. A grant of Rs.1.03 crores will be provided by the Department of Science & Technology (DST) for the project.

Anthrax is an acute disease in humans and animals caused by the bacterium 'Bacillus Anthracis' which is highly lethal in some forms. It is the production of two powerful exo-toxins (edema toxin and lethal toxin) by the bacteria that causes death.

Prof. Bhatnagar, who has been working on Anthrax for over 20 years now, said, "Under the project, we will try and develop a genetically engineered single-chain antibody that will neutralize both the toxins. Both the edema toxin and lethal toxin have some similarity. The concept of a single chain antibody is not new. What will be unique is that we will develop a bi-specific antibody".

"We will target the common region of the two toxins so that only one antibody is required to remove them. We will be the first in the world to develop this bi-specific recombinant single chain antibody for neutralizing edema toxin and lethal toxin of anthrax", Prof. Bhatnagar added.

Occupational exposure to infected animals or their products (such as skin wool and meat) is the usual pathway of exposure for humans.

Anthrax can enter the human body through the intestines (ingestion), lungs (inhalation), or skin (cutaneous) and causes distinct clinical symptoms based on its site of entry.

An infected human will generally be quarantined. However, anthrax does not usually spread from an infected human to a non-infected human.

But if the disease is fatal the person's body and its mass of anthrax bacilli becomes a potential source of infection to others and special precautions should be used to prevent further contamination.

Source: http://indiaedunews.net/Today/

JNU to develop therapeutic antibodies to stop anthrax

New Delhi: Prof. Rakesh Bhatnagar from the School of Biotechnology at Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) has signed an agreement with the Department of Science & Technology (Government of India) for creating therapeutic antibodies to stop anthrax.

The project will be for three years. A grant of Rs.1.03 crores will be provided by the Department of Science & Technology (DST) for the project.

Anthrax is an acute disease in humans and animals caused by the bacterium 'Bacillus Anthracis' which is highly lethal in some forms. It is the production of two powerful exo-toxins (edema toxin and lethal toxin) by the bacteria that causes death.

Prof. Bhatnagar, who has been working on Anthrax for over 20 years now, said, "Under the project, we will try and develop a genetically engineered single-chain antibody that will neutralize both the toxins. Both the edema toxin and lethal toxin have some similarity. The concept of a single chain antibody is not new. What will be unique is that we will develop a bi-specific antibody".

"We will target the common region of the two toxins so that only one antibody is required to remove them. We will be the first in the world to develop this bi-specific recombinant single chain antibody for neutralizing edema toxin and lethal toxin of anthrax", Prof. Bhatnagar added.

Occupational exposure to infected animals or their products (such as skin wool and meat) is the usual pathway of exposure for humans.

Anthrax can enter the human body through the intestines (ingestion), lungs (inhalation), or skin (cutaneous) and causes distinct clinical symptoms based on its site of entry.

An infected human will generally be quarantined. However, anthrax does not usually spread from an infected human to a non-infected human.

But if the disease is fatal the person's body and its mass of anthrax bacilli becomes a potential source of infection to others and special precautions should be used to prevent further contamination.

Source: http://indiaedunews.net/Today/

Marathi Chair at JNU soon

New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) will soon have a Marathi Chair on its campus.
According to sources, the Government of Maharashtra has sanctioned a grant of Rs.1.5 crores to setup the Marathi Chair at the varsity.

The chair will be established at the Centre of Indian Languages at the School of Language, Literature & Culture Studies.

R.K. Kale, Dean of School of Life Sciences said, "A notification by the Maharashtra Government dated August 29, 2008 states that it has sanctioned Rs.1.5 crores to setup this chair. It has been issued on the order of the Governor. The Director of Higher Education of the State Government based in Pune has been asked to release the amount. We received the notification last week".
The varsity's executive council has also approved the establishment of the Marathi Chair. Academic activities of the chair will commence from the next academic session, Kale informed.
"A renowned figure will be appointed as the Professor of the chair. He will make the syllabus and give us details on the other requirements. The focus will be on comparative literature. We should have the chair functional by the next academic session", said Prof. Varyam Singh of JNU.
Source: http://www.delhieducation.net/universities/jnu/

Marathi Chair at JNU soon

New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) will soon have a Marathi Chair on its campus.
According to sources, the Government of Maharashtra has sanctioned a grant of Rs.1.5 crores to setup the Marathi Chair at the varsity.

The chair will be established at the Centre of Indian Languages at the School of Language, Literature & Culture Studies.

R.K. Kale, Dean of School of Life Sciences said, "A notification by the Maharashtra Government dated August 29, 2008 states that it has sanctioned Rs.1.5 crores to setup this chair. It has been issued on the order of the Governor. The Director of Higher Education of the State Government based in Pune has been asked to release the amount. We received the notification last week".
The varsity's executive council has also approved the establishment of the Marathi Chair. Academic activities of the chair will commence from the next academic session, Kale informed.
"A renowned figure will be appointed as the Professor of the chair. He will make the syllabus and give us details on the other requirements. The focus will be on comparative literature. We should have the chair functional by the next academic session", said Prof. Varyam Singh of JNU.
Source: http://www.delhieducation.net/universities/jnu/

After DU, now JNU to have a placement cell

New Delhi: After Delhi University (DU) launched its first placement cell earlier this month, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) has also decided to setup a placement cell on campus to help students get jobs after they graduate.
The varsity administration has formed a committee to finalize the establishment of the cell. The committee will submit a report on the cell soon.
The placement cell will be operational by the next academic session, varsity officials confirmed.
Ram Adhikari Kumar, Rector, JNU, said, "Although individual schools are helping students get jobs, the placement cell has been long demanded by our students. The cell would definitely be beneficial to the students".
The National Student's Union of India (NSUI) yesterday presented a request signed by 3000 students of the varsity to the Vice Chancellor pressurizing him to setup the placement cell soon.
Delhi University (DU) launched its first central placement cell on September 18, 2008.
Making the process as student-friendly as possible, the varsity made registration forms available online on its website www.du.ac.in as well as in all the colleges so that all a student has to do is access the form, fill it in and then wait for the call from a company.

Source; http://www.delhieducation.net/universities/du

After DU, now JNU to have a placement cell

New Delhi: After Delhi University (DU) launched its first placement cell earlier this month, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) has also decided to setup a placement cell on campus to help students get jobs after they graduate.
The varsity administration has formed a committee to finalize the establishment of the cell. The committee will submit a report on the cell soon.
The placement cell will be operational by the next academic session, varsity officials confirmed.
Ram Adhikari Kumar, Rector, JNU, said, "Although individual schools are helping students get jobs, the placement cell has been long demanded by our students. The cell would definitely be beneficial to the students".
The National Student's Union of India (NSUI) yesterday presented a request signed by 3000 students of the varsity to the Vice Chancellor pressurizing him to setup the placement cell soon.
Delhi University (DU) launched its first central placement cell on September 18, 2008.
Making the process as student-friendly as possible, the varsity made registration forms available online on its website www.du.ac.in as well as in all the colleges so that all a student has to do is access the form, fill it in and then wait for the call from a company.

Source; http://www.delhieducation.net/universities/du